Melatonin for Sleep: Does It Work?

 


Melatonin sleep aids are becoming increasingly popular, with around 3 million Americans using them in 2012, according to a survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If you're among them or considering melatonin for sleep, it's essential to understand how melatonin functions.

Understanding Melatonin's Role

“Your body naturally produces melatonin. It doesn’t directly induce sleep, but as melatonin levels rise in the evening, it puts you into a state of calm wakefulness that facilitates sleep,” explains Johns Hopkins sleep specialist Luis F. Buenaver, Ph.D., C.B.S.M[LW1] .

“Most people produce enough melatonin for sleep on their own. However, there are steps you can take to maximize your natural melatonin production, or you can try a supplement short-term if you’re dealing with insomnia, trying to overcome jet lag, or if you’re a night owl needing to adjust your sleep schedule for work or school.”

If you want to harness melatonin’s sleep-promoting effects, Buenaver recommends the following steps.

Enhancing Natural Melatonin Production

Work with Melatonin's Natural Cycle

“Melatonin levels increase about two hours before bedtime,” Buenaver says. “Create optimal conditions for melatonin to work by dimming the lights before bed. Avoid using computers, smartphones, or tablets, as the blue and green light from these devices can counteract melatonin’s effects. If you watch TV, sit at least six feet away from the screen. Also, turn off bright overhead lights.”

To help your body produce melatonin at the appropriate times, ensure you get exposure to daylight during the morning and afternoon. A walk outside or sitting by a sunny window can be beneficial.

Consider Melatonin for Occasional Insomnia

“Even people who sleep well can have trouble falling or staying asleep sometimes,” Buenaver says. “You might consider melatonin if you have difficulty sleeping for more than a night or two.” Research indicates that a melatonin supplement can help individuals with insomnia fall asleep slightly faster and can be particularly beneficial for those with delayed sleep phase syndrome, which involves falling asleep very late and waking up late the next day.

Using Melatonin Supplements Wisely

“Less is more,” Buenaver advises. Take 1 to 3 milligrams two hours before bedtime. To alleviate jet lag, take melatonin two hours before your bedtime at your destination, starting a few days before your trip. “You can also adjust your sleep-wake schedule to align with your new time zone by staying awake upon arrival and delaying sleep until your usual bedtime in the new time zone. Natural light exposure is also helpful. That’s what I do,” Buenaver shares.

Knowing When to Stop

“If melatonin doesn’t help after a week or two, stop using it,” says Buenaver. “And if your sleep issues persist, consult your healthcare provider. If melatonin seems effective, it’s safe for most people to take nightly for one to two months. After that, stop and assess your sleep quality,” he suggests. “Make sure you’re also relaxing before bed, keeping the lights dim, and sleeping in a cool, dark, comfortable bedroom for the best results.”

When to Avoid Melatonin

There are certain circumstances where melatonin might not be suitable. Avoid using melatonin if you are pregnant or breastfeeding or if you have an autoimmune disorder, a seizure disorder, or depression. Consult your healthcare provider if you have diabetes or high blood pressure, as melatonin supplements can potentially raise blood sugar levels and increase blood pressure in people taking certain hypertension medications.

Conclusion

Melatonin can be a helpful aid for sleep when used correctly and under the right circumstances. Your body naturally produces melatonin, and most people generate enough on their own. However, if you’re experiencing occasional insomnia, jet lag, or need to adjust your sleep schedule, a melatonin supplement may be beneficial.

To maximize the effectiveness of melatonin, align your activities with its natural production cycle by dimming lights and avoiding screens before bed. Consider taking a small dose of melatonin if sleep problems persist, but remember to discontinue use if it’s not effective after a couple of weeks.

Ultimately, creating a conducive sleep environment—relaxing before bed, keeping lights low, and ensuring your bedroom is cool, dark, and comfortable—can significantly enhance your natural melatonin production and improve your overall sleep quality. Always consult with a healthcare provider if you have underlying health conditions or ongoing sleep issues.

 


 [LW1]

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